Duty3G/User Guide/Adding and Maintaining Duties

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Adding and Maintaining Duties

With duty3G you can automate routine tasks, expedite tedious tasks, delegate sensitive tasks, and simplify complex tasks, while still retaining management control.

By encapsulating routine administration tasks as duties, you free your most expert UNIX and Windows staff to do more demanding and innovative work. Routine but sensitive or arcane jobs can be delegated to less qualified staff.

We recommend that you define duties for as much of your regular workload as you can. Any task that can be documented can be automated. Many commonly performed duties, duty roles and schedules are provided with duty3G.

This chapter describes the process of preparing for and defining different kinds of duties, adding schedule times and bringing crontab into line with duty3G.

Before You Begin Defining New Duties

1. Decide who has administrative capabilities. For example, who can add new duties or change existing ones? Who will check the duty audit trail and how often? Refer to Duty3G Access in this guide and the companion guide COSmanager User Guide for further details on capabilities.
2. Document the “who, how and when” for each task you want to automate or delegate.
3. Collect the tasks into groups of related duties and define a set of duty roles to cover this collection.
4. Assign duty roles to users.

Figure 5 — Configuration console, or ‘Maintain Duties’ window

Duty3G configuration console

Users with sufficient access privileges can operate from the administrator’s console, which is started from the duty3G configuration option. See Duty3G Access for information on access privileges.

This console lets you display duties in a variety of convenient groupings, and maintain (add, change, clone, remove, order and test) those duties.

This console has more functions than the operator console and can be used to configure new duties, amend existing duties and remove unwanted items in addition to viewing and performing all available duties.

View options

The view options available from the configuration console are identical to those on the operator’s duty console. These are described in Viewing Duties. However, users need to bear in mind that the duties displayed are limited by the role defined for them in duty3G. An operator will only ever be able to view those duties that they are cleared to perform, whereas an administrator with top-level clearance will be able to view all defined duties.

To Define a Duty

Duties are provided with duty3G for many common operations and system administration tasks. To get the most from the duty list, you should tailor it to your site's needs by adding duties to automate all your other routine tasks.

Planning your duty procedures

As you plan what tasks should be defined as duties there are a few things to consider:

• can this activity be done in one step or are there two or more components that need to be done in order?
• must this duty be done in sequence – that is, before or after another duty (are there any dependent duties)?
• should it be done on a regular cycle, or will it be done only when needed?
• if it is scheduled to be done on a given day and isn’t, should it be carried over to the next day or shift? Should it be marked as overdue/outstanding or be abandoned?
• does this activity require user intervention or can it be run automatically?
• should it run at a set time of day or within a shift or time period?
• what commands or shell scripts will be used?
• which user ID should this command execute under, and on what host should the command be run?
• should the duty be performed as soon as it is selected, or should the user be prompted for confirmation before proceeding?
• which duty role does this activity belong to?
• does the duty need to be run under a COSmanager application (e.g. a backup duty requires COS/Backup to run)

How to Define a Scheduled Duty

You may want to look at the ‘Duty list report’ in the duty3G configuration console for some examples of scheduled duties that have already been defined.

To define a new scheduled duty

1. Select duty3G configuration.
2. From the duty configuration console, select Maintain > Add.

Figure 6 — Prompt form to add a duty

Fill in the following fields:

Duty

Enter a name for the duty. This is the description that will appear in the list of duties to be performed.

Mode

Select ‘scheduled’ in the run mode.

When

Now choose the schedule to which the duty will be run. You can add a new schedule time if none of the existing ones are suitable – see Adding a Schedule Time on page 39.

Time(s)

If you wish to alter the time period for this duty you can override the period in the schedule time. Enter a start time and end time in the format HH:MM-HH:MM. This duty will only appear on the list of outstanding scheduled duties between these times on the days specified in the schedule time.

Note In the schedule time you specify a start time and a period during which the duty should be performed. 
In the duty you specify a start time and an end time.

If not done?

What should happen if the duty isn’t performed on the scheduled day? The options are:

outstanding

leave the duty outstanding if not performed

overdue

mark duty as overdue if not performed

abandon

remove duty from the list of outstanding duties.

Enabled?

Select ‘yes’ if this duty should be enabled now. Disabled duties do not appear in the duty list.

Re-enable on

If the duty is to be disabled temporarily, give a date for the duty to be automatically re-enabled. Select ‘no’ for Enabled? and leave the Re-enable on field blank to disable the duty indefinitely.

Command

Type in the command that you want executed. This can be any command or series of commands that could be entered at the shell prompt, including Functional Toolset commands and variables created by duty3G.

You can use the runopt command to define a duty that executes a COSmanager menu option. See Appendix B—Accessing Menu Options as Duties on page 63.

Pause?

Select ‘yes’ to prompt the user to press Return after the command has executed.

Terminal?

Tells duty3G whether this command will need a terminal emulator window under the GUI version.

If your command reads only from standard input, writes only to standard output and standard error, and doesn’t expect to be attached to a terminal device (TTY), select ‘no’.

If the command requires keyboard input or performs cursor addressing, select ‘yes’. For example, if your command lets the operator enter a file name then edit the file using vi, set Terminal to ‘yes’. This instructs duty3G to run xterm to emulate a TTY environment.

Run on host

Choose the host on which the command is to be run. The field defaults to the name of the current host.

Note Duties run on a remote host are executed using rsh, and so can’t be interactive.

As user

Select the login ID of the user this command is to be executed under. This should be chosen to give the command the permission needed to perform the task. Use ‘Self ’ if this duty is to be run under the login ID of the user executing the task. The default user ID is ‘root’.

By role

Select the role to which this duty belongs. By convention, the role ‘Other’ is used for duties that are to be given to all users.

Application

If the duty runs under another application such as COS/Backup, select the required application here. Leave the field blank if no other application needed.

Dependency

Select any duty that has to be performed before the current duty can be executed. If this duty is not to be dependent on other duty, leave the field blank.

Press Accept to finish defining this duty.

How to Define an Automatic Duty

You may want to look at the ‘Duty list report’ in the duty3G configuration console for some examples of automatic duties that have already been defined.

To define a new automatic duty:

1. Select duty3G configuration.
2. From the duty configuration console, select Maintain > Add and fill in

the following fields: Duty Enter a name for the duty. This is the description that will appear in the list of duties to be performed. Mode Select ‘automatic’ in the run mode. When Now choose the schedule to which the duty will be run. You can add a new schedule time if none of the existing ones are suitable – see Adding a Schedule Time on page 39. Time(s) Enter a time or list of times (see Run Time for Automatic Duties on page 27 for more on time formats). The duty will run at these times on the days specified in the previous step. Enabled? Select ‘yes’ if this duty should be enabled now. Disabled duties do not appear in the duty list. Re-enable on If the duty is to be disabled temporarily, give a date for the duty to be automatically re-enabled. Select ‘no’ for Enabled? and leave the Re-enable on: field blank to disable the duty indefinitely. Command Type in the command that you want executed. This can be any command or series of commands that could be entered at the shell prompt, including Functional Toolset commands and variables created by duty3G. The commands should not be interactive. You can use the runopt command to define a duty that executes a COSmanager menu option. See Appendix B—Accessing Menu Options as Duties on page 63. Run on host Choose the host on which the command is to be run. The field defaults to the name of the current host. As user Select the login ID of the user this command is to be executed under. This should be chosen to give the command the permission needed to perform the task. Use ‘Self ’ if this duty is to be run Adding and Maintaining Duties 37 under the login ID of the user executing the task. The default user ID is ‘root’. Application If the duty runs under another application such as COS/Backup, select the required application here. Leave the field blank if no other application needed. Press Accept to finish defining this duty.

How to Define an At-request Duty

You may want to look at the ‘Duty list report’ in the duty3G configuration console for some examples of at-request duties that have already been defined.

To define a new at-request duty

1. Select duty3G configuration.
2. From the duty configuration console, select Maintain > Add and fill in

the following fields: Duty Enter a name for the duty. This is the description that will appear in the list of duties to be performed. Mode Select ‘request’ for the run mode. Enabled? Select ‘yes’ if this duty should be enabled now. Disabled duties do not appear in the duty list. Re-enable on If the duty is to be disabled temporarily, give a date for the duty to be automatically re-enabled. Select ‘no’ for Enabled? and leave the Re-enable on field blank to disable the duty indefinitely. Command Type in the command that you want executed. This can be any command or series of commands that could be entered at the shell prompt, including Functional Toolset commands and variables created by duty3G.

You can use the runopt command to define a duty that executes a duty3G menu option. See Appendix B—Accessing Menu Options as Duties on page 63. Pause? Select ‘yes’ to prompt the user to press Return after the command has executed. Terminal? Tells duty3G whether this command will need a terminal emulator window under the GUI version. If your command reads only from standard input, writes only to standard output and standard error, and doesn’t expect to be attached to a terminal device (TTY), select ‘no’. If the command requires keyboard input or performs cursor addressing, select ‘yes’. For example, if your command lets the operator enter a file name then edit the file using vi, set Terminal to ‘yes’. This instructs duty3G to run xterm to emulate a TTY environment. Note Duties run on a remote host are executed using rsh, and so can’t be interactive. Run on host Choose the host on which the command is to be run. The field defaults to the name of the current host. As user Select the login ID of the user this command is to be executed under. This should be chosen to give the command the permission needed to perform the task. Use ‘Self ’ if this duty is to be run under the login ID of the user executing the task. The default user ID is ‘root’. By role Select the role to which this duty belongs. By convention, the role ‘Other’ is used for duties that are to be given to all users. Application If the duty runs under another application such as COS/Backup, select the required application here. Leave the field blank if no other application needed. Press Accept to finish defining this duty.

Assigning a Duty to a Different Access Role

Operators can only run duties belonging to one of their access roles. You can see which role a duty is assigned to in the duty configuration console. To assign a duty to a different group of duty3G users: 1. Select duty3G configuration. 2. Select the duty, then select Maintain > Change. 3. Move to the By role field, and press Choose. Choose another role. Press Accept to save the duty.

Adding a Schedule Time

Schedule times define processing cycles for running duties. A schedule time specifies the day and optionally a ‘time window’ or shift during which a duty is scheduled to be run. You choose from this list when defining a scheduled or automatic duty. You can add new schedule times based on your own shifts and processing cycles to the schedule times provided with duty3G. There are two ways to define schedule times, listing a combination of times or defining a command: List method The first method is to list a combination of scheduled days and times in the day, month, and time fields. All the fields must return ‘true’ for the duty to be scheduled – that is, there is a logical AND between the day and month fields and the time period. This method is more flexible as it lets you specify that a duty must be performed by a particular shift or between certain hours. See Scheduled Duties, Schedule Times and Shifts on page 24. for more details and examples. 40 Adding and Maintaining Duties Command method The other way is to define a schedule command using a command that returns ‘true’ or ‘false’ for the current date, such as db_datemat. This was the only way to define schedule times in versions of COS/Manager prior to 2.7. Scheduled duties will be displayed only if db_datemat returns ‘true’ for today’s date. Adding a schedule time using the list method 1. Select Maintain > Schedule times from the duty3G configuration console. 2. Select Maintain > Add. Figure 7 — Adding a schedule time Order duty3G allocates an order number, by default ten more than the previous highest. The order number determines the order in which the list of outstanding scheduled duties is presented to the user. If you want to keep the new time with a group of similar schedule times, change the order to an available number close to that of the group. When Enter a descriptive term, consistent with the names displayed in the list of schedule times. Adding and Maintaining Duties 41 Schedule command Leave blank for date/time matching. The next three fields control which days a duty will be scheduled. By default the fields return ‘true’ for every day of the month, every month of the year, and every day of the week. You restrict the scheduled days by limiting one or more of the fields to certain values or ranges. Day of Month Enter a list of days of the month. Example: first week of the month: 1-7 Month of Year Enter a list of months. Example: first month of every quarter: 1,4,7,10 Day of Week Enter the days of the week (0 = Sunday, 6 = Saturday) Example: Monday to Wednesday and Friday: 1-3,5 Start time, Period length By default a duty is scheduled to be done any time on the scheduled day. To restrict this to a shorter period such as an operator shift, enter the start time and a period in hours and minutes. Example: Specify a schedule time from 10 pm on the scheduled day to 6 am the following day: Start time 22:00 Period length 08:00 Comment If you wish you can enter a comment about this schedule time. Press Accept to complete the definition of the schedule time. Adding a schedule time using the command method 1. Select Maintain > Schedule times from the duty3G configuration console. 2. Select Maintain > Add. 42 Adding and Maintaining Duties Order duty3G allocates an order number, by default ten more than the previous highest. The order number determines the order in which the list of outstanding scheduled duties is presented to the user. If you want to keep the new time with a group of similar schedule times, change the order to an available number close to that of the group. When Enter a descriptive name, consistent with the names displayed in the list of schedule times. Schedule command Enter a command (using db_datemat or similar) which will return ‘true’ only if today’s date is when the duty should be run. Comment If you wish you can enter a comment about this schedule time. Press Accept to complete the definition of the schedule time.

Synchronizing crontab

To ensure that the automatic duties in the duty list are correctly replicated in the COSmanager crontab, use Maintain > Sync crontab on the duty3G configuration console. Carry out this task if problems are experienced with automatic duties in duty3G which may be caused by inconsistencies between the tables. On selecting the Sync crontab option, duty3G displays a dialogue box, which indicates what is about to happen and provides the option to exit or to proceed. Press Accept to synchronize the tables; duty3G will return a message indicating the outcome of the task. Note this task does not alter the root crontab in any way; the only table amended is the COSmanager crontab.