Backup3G/User Guide

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Getting Started

Backup3G is a menu-driven application for automating backup, recovery and archiving tasks in an Open Systems data center. This guide is designed to help you use backup3G quickly and efficiently.

About this guide

This guide is the primary reference for setting up and using backup3G, and is designed to help users and administrators to use backup3G effectively. It can be divided into four sections:

Preliminary information: an overview of backup3G and how to get started.
Planning information: guidance on planning your backup, recovery, and media management strategies.
Background information: detailed descriptions of backup3G concepts, including backup types and drive and media management issues.
Step-by-step instructions: ‘how-to’ topics for setting up, running and monitoring backups: recovering files; and performing related tasks such as adding details of new media and drives.

Who should use this guide

This guide is aimed at:

managers who need an overview of what backup3G can do
administrators who need to configure backups and control access to backup3G
operators who need to know how to run backups, recover files, and handle backup media
new backup3G users, who need to understand the basics of using the backup3G modules
auditors who need to understand how backup3G fits in with the organization’s policies and procedures.

For More Information

The COSmanager User Guide explains how to install COSmanager products, including backup3G.

This guide describes how to configure backup3G, how to set up and maintain backups, how to manage media, how to set up and manage drives and load devices, and how to perform backups and recoveries.

Technical information about COSmanager commands can be found in the COSmanager Reference Guide. This contains manual pages for the Functional Toolset and application-specific commands, including commands used in backup3G.

COSmanager promotes a ‘policies and procedures’ approach to system management, including backup and media management. The guides, How to Implement Policy Based Management and a Sample Policy and Procedures Manual, are available without charge from your COSmanager distributor.

Management Overview

Backup3G facilitates a standard approach to backup and recovery and the management of media in multi-host, multi-vendor UNIX data centers, through:

automation of system management functions
delegation of operations tasks
control over data center operations

Backup3G encourages sound management practice. For example, electronic labelling of backup media reduces the possibility of inadvertently overwriting good data. This is good practice and backup3G makes it simple to do.

All the information required to run comprehensive network backups is packaged in the backup job. There is no requirement for operators to memorize complex scheduling requirements or understand subtle platform-dependent variations in backup commands and devices.

The automation of routine backups saves time, frees up resources, and reduces the possibility of human error.

Benefits of backup3G

Backup3G provides a secure, policy-based backup and recovery environment for distributed open systems data centers. backup3G is part of the COSmanager family of system administration products.

For Data Center Managers backup3G facilitates the implementation of policy-driven backup strategies, providing excellent disaster-recovery capabilities. It provides mainframe-strength backup facilities across mixed platforms and vendors.

For Administrators backup3G automates routine and repetitive tasks, allowing delegation to less experienced staff; it also promotes efficient and flexible use of drives and load devices across the network.

For Auditors backup3G provides easy access to details of current backup procedures and facilitates the analysis of those procedures to see if backups are being carried out correctly and successfully.

Backup3G Modules

Scheduling and monitoring

Backup3G provides full support for automated and unattended backups. Backup jobs can be run regularly at a set time, or as required. If duty3G is installed, jobs can be defined as duties, with full support for complex scheduling and dependencies.

You can monitor the progress of a backup job from when it is submitted or scheduled until it finishes. The Backup Monitor alerts operators when some action is required, such as a manual tape load.

Backups can be held temporarily or cancelled, and failed jobs can be restarted from the step that caused the error. Full log files help you to check job status and diagnose any errors and warnings.

Backup configuration

Figure 1 - Backup network

You define backup jobs comprising one or more steps. Each step backs up a data object (filesystem, directory, or database) or performs some related task such as shutting down a database or printing a catalog of the backup.

You have fine control over what files are backed up. Backup3G supports full or ‘type 0’ backups and incremental (also known as differential) backups. You can specify lists of file names and patterns that are to be backed up or excluded from the backup.

Several backup methods are supplied, using standard UNIX backup formats such as cpio, tar, and dump. This means that you recover files manually even if backup3G itself is unavailable. You can easily customize these backup methods or add new ones based on your own scripts or third-party software.

A backup job can write to as many volumes as are required, allowing you to back up any amount of data. Individual steps can be split into several parts for greater efficiency.

Files can be backed up from UNIX and Windows hosts to any drive on the network.

Recovery

Fast recovery from a backup or archive is fully supported. You can recover selected files and directories, or the whole data object.

An online index of backed-up files can be created, allowing fast and easy recovery of selected files from large backups. Operators can select files either from the index or by specifying a name or pattern, and be led through the recovery process by backup3G.

Media management

Backup3G contains an integrated media database that supports:

arbitrary media types (e.g. DLT, SDLT, DAT, Exabyte, LTO, hard disks and CD disks)
media usage balancing
multiple onsite libraries and offsite storage locations
flexible retention periods
media labelling using arbitrary label types, including barcodes
predefined reports
searching of media contents and online indexes.

Drive and media library support

Backup3G supports all standard tape drives, from manually-loaded single-slot drives to multiple-drive automated tape libraries.

Backup3G also supports other types of media drive such as hard disks and CD drives. Backup3G keeps a database of information about the capabilities of each drive type, so that backup and recovery jobs can address any particular drive in a device-independent way.

Backup jobs can be assigned to specified drive or to a ‘drive pool’. At run-time, backup3G chooses the first available drive from the drive pool.

Backup3G supports a range of auto-loading devices, from tape stackers and jukeboxes to silos and automated tape libraries, through the Tape Library Management add-on module.

Access Security

Fine-grained capability controls allow users to be given limited ‘views’ of backup3G menus, enabling tight control to be maintained over access to all key functions.

Each user has one or more roles that allow access to certain menus and options. backup3G includes a number of predefined roles, which you can add to and customize. For a list of the default capabilities assigned to each role, see Roles and Capabilities.

Technical Overview

This topic describes backup3G’s software environment:

licensing
installation and configuration
starting backup3G from COSmanager or the command line
access control
directories, environment variables, and log files
startup procedure
user interface

Setting Up and Using backup3G

To install backup3G, you will need:

a distribution containing the backup3G software
an installed copy of the COSmanager application framework
a license key

It is preferable to designate one host as the master backup host, and administer all backup jobs centrally. If you need to submit backups from different hosts it is important not to share drives and media—each backup3G master host must operate independently otherwise drive and media conflicts are likely.

	Note
	Detailed planning of your backup policies and procedures should take place prior to configuring backup3G.

Licensing

COSmanager uses a host-name-based licensing scheme. You supply information for each host on which backup3G and other applications are to be run. Your COSmanager distributor will give you a set of license keys that encode information about which applications can be run on each host, and for how long (that is, whether for a trial period or indefinitely).

	Caution!
	Do not change the license key or product string. This will invalidate your license.

You will be prompted to enter the license key and product string during the installation procedure.

Installation and configuration

This provides an overview of the steps needed to install backup3G, including setting up an initial configuration. For more details, see Appendix A—Installing and Configuring.

If COSmanager is not already installed, you must first install and configure the COSmanager application framework.
Install backup3G by running Application > Install from the COSmanager configuration > COSmanager applications window.
This will show a window in which you can enter the path to the Backup3G distribution. We recommend using /tmp for ease of use.
You will be prompted for the license key during this step.
Set up an initial configuration for COSmanager by running a series of configuration tasks from the backup3G configuration menu. Through these tasks you define information about your computing environment and backup procedures.

Starting backup3G

From the COSmanager button bar (GUI)

Select the Backup button. The backup3G button bar is displayed.

From the COSmanager main menu (CUI)

Select the backup3G option. The backup3G main menu is displayed.

From the command line

To launch the default version, enter: cos backup
To launch a different version, enter: cos backup -v [version]

Roles and Capabilities

Each COSmanager user has one or more roles. Each role identifies a responsibility or class of users in your organization, such as Manager or Operator. Within backup3G, roles are defined in terms of the access capabilities they grant. In turn, capabilities determine what menu options and actions a user can perform. Table 1 shows the default capabilities for each role.

Admin System Administrator SeniorOp recover recoverALL Librarian Media Librarian accessALL drive mark_bad media_mgmt monitor retention scratch Manager System Manager Admin accessALL maintain scratch Operator Basic Operator backup control display media_mgmt monitor SeniorOp Senior Operator Operator chg_params drive mark_bad retention

**Table 1 - Capabilities assigned to each backup3G role**
Role	accessALL	backup	chg_params	control	display	drive	mark_bad	maintain	media_mgmt	monitor	recover	recoverALL	retention	scratch
Manager	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Admin		√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√
SeniorOp		√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√			√
Operator		√		√	√				√	√
Librarian	√					√	√		√	√			√	√

What each capability does

**Table 2 - backup3G capabilities**
accessALL	Ability to access all media
backup	Ability to submit a backup or archive job(s)
chg_params	Ability to submit a backup, changing parameters
control	Ability to control running jobs (cancel, hold etc)
display	Display details of the backup job(s)
drive	Ability to perfom drive and load operations
mark_bad	Ability to mark media as bad
maintain	Maintain backup tables
media_mgmt	Ability to manage media, eg: allocate, send offsite
monitor	Ability to monitor running jobs
recover	Ability to perform recovery
recoverALL	Ability to perform recovery to all directories and hosts
retention	Ability to change media data retention period
scratch	Ability to scratch media

Many functions, particularly those that modify system files and COSmanager tables, require specific access capabilities. Users who do not have the right capabilities will not be able to access or even view these functions.

Controlling access to options on the backup3G button bar

Module	Command	Capability Needed
Archive files	`menu archive`	backup
Schedule or run backups	`methtool runback`	backup OR maintain OR display
Recovery from backups	`methtool msetview`	backup OR recover
Media management	`methtool medview`	media_mgmt OR backup OR maintain OR display
Removable drive management	`methtool drview`	backup OR maintain OR display
Stacker management	`methtool stacker`	backup OR maintain OR display
Monitor backup jobs/logfiles	`methtool jobstatus`	monitor OR backup

Controlling access to backup3G configuration options

	Command	Capability Needed
Maintain backup jobs	`methtool backview`	maintain OR display
Maintain drives	`methtool drive`	maintain OR display
Maintain media libraries	`methtool stacker`	maintain OR display
Maintain backup3G roles	`methtool appl_cap`	maintain OR display
Maintain backup3G settings	`methtool setting`	maintain OR display
Maintain other tables	`methtool table`	maintain AND super

Customizing user access

You can change what roles are assigned to a particular user, or change the capabilities that are assigned to all users with a particular role. Note Changes made to a user’s security profile don’t come into effect until the next time the user invokes COSmanager.

To change	Use
Roles assigned to a user	COSmanager configuration > Users and privileges > COSmanager users
Capabilities assigned to a role	backup3G configuration > Tools > Roles

	Note
	Changes made to a user’s security profile don’t come into effect until the next time the user invokes COSmanager.

Software Environment

Backup3G is installed under the home directory of the COSmanager account. All the files are owned by COSmanager and belong to the COSmanager group, except for a handful of database tables that are owned by root.

Backup3G’s log files are stored in the backlog directory in the system spool area, with the other COSmanager audit trails. COSmanager has a crontab entry to cycle all its audit trails automatically.

COSmanager sets a number of variables in the user’s environment when they start backup3G. These mostly define directory names and the user’s access capabilities. You can check your environment by exiting to a shell from within backup3G and running env .

Startup procedure

When you launch backup3G from COSmanager or through the cos backup command, the startup procedure performs the following steps:

check that backup3G has a valid licence
check that the current version of the COSmanager framework is at least the minimum version required by this application
create environment variables describing backup3G’s directory structure: its home directory ($APPL_HOME), database directory ($APPL_DB), and application path ($APPL_PATH)
if an application password is required, ask the user to enter it
if authentication is required, ask for the user’s password
prepend the application’s directories to the search paths
create environment variables for any local roles and capabilities. Along with the variables created during COSmanager startup, these determine which facilities the user can access in backup3G
execute $APPL_HOME/profile to set environment variables specific to backup3G
display backup3G version information (GUI)
display the top-level menu or button bar for this user.

User Interface

The user interface to all COSmanager applications is provided through a series of reusable software tools known collectively as The Functional Toolset. Both graphical (GUI) and character (CUI) mode interfaces are provided. As there are only a handful of different types of screen, the interface is very easy to learn.

The GUI mode can also be used from a PC running any version of Windows without the need for X emulation software.

The CUI mode is intended for users who access COSmanager from a character terminal or via terminal emulation from a PC. It features a full-screen interface with support for function keys and pop-up windows.

Keyboard traversal in the GUI interface is consistent with the CUI version. This allows users to swap between X displays, Windows PCs, and character terminals, with minimal retraining and without loss of productivity.

The user interface is described in detail in the COSmanager User Guide.

Where to from here

Information on Backup Jobs

Information on Recovery

Information on Media

Information on Drives and Drive Pools

Setting Up Backup

Initiating and Managing Backups

Recovering Data

Managing Removable Media

Managing Drives

Appendix A - Installing and Configuring

Appendix B - Checking Job Status Codes

Appendix C - Backup Methods and Drivers

Appendix D - Defining Backup Methods

Glossary

August 2007

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