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Backup3G/DA-RMAN/User Guide/Defining Oracle RMAN Backups

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(Backup3G/DA-RMAN/Defining Oracle RMAN Backups moved to Backup3G/DA-RMAN/User Guide/Defining Oracle RMAN Backups)
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== Types of Oracle/RMAN Backup == == Types of Oracle/RMAN Backup ==
- 
-This topic describes the different methods for backing up Oracle databases. 
Oracle/RMAN Backup uses Oracle and Recovery Manager (RMAN) facilities to start up and shut down databases, and to find the names of tablespaces and archived logs to be backed up. Once the object names have been obtained, they are backed up using the RMAN API facility (library) provided as part of DA for Oracle/RMAN. Oracle/RMAN Backup uses Oracle and Recovery Manager (RMAN) facilities to start up and shut down databases, and to find the names of tablespaces and archived logs to be backed up. Once the object names have been obtained, they are backed up using the RMAN API facility (library) provided as part of DA for Oracle/RMAN.
Line 39: Line 37:
=== Offline Backup === === Offline Backup ===
-{| border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" 
-|- 
-|Backup method 
-|Oracle offline 
-|- 
-|Backup command 
-|ORAofflne 
-|} 
- 
- 
-'''Steps''' 
- 
-backup3G performs the following steps when you back up a database using the ‘Oracle offline’ method. 
-#Shut down the database. 
-#Bring the database back in a restricted mode. 
-#Query the database to find the relevant files (control files, redo logs and tablespaces) and store their locations in a COSmanager table. 
-#Shut down the database. 
-#Back up files. 
-#Restart the database. 
- 
- 
-'''Notes''' 
- 
-The tablespaces are backed up using a multi-part image. The control files and the redo logs are backed up using cpio. ORAofflne follows symbolic links—that is, it backs up the target of any link, not just the link itself.  
- 
-If the database is online when the backup job starts, DA-Oracle will try to shut it down. If the database cannot be shut down or restarted in restricted mode, the 
-backup job will exit. 
- 
-By default, DA-Oracle will bring the database back online after an offline backup ends. You can override this in the backup item definition by specifying -d in the Options field. 
<br> <br>
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=== Online Backup === === Online Backup ===
-{| border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" 
-|- 
-|Backup method 
-|Oracle online 
-|- 
-|Backup command 
-|ORAonline 
-|} 
- 
- 
-'''Steps''' 
- 
-backup3G performs the following steps when you back up a database or selected tablespaces using the ‘Oracle online’ method. 
-#Query the database to find the relevant files (control files, archive logs and tablespaces) and store their locations in a COSmanager table. 
-#Put the tablespace into backup mode. 
-#Back up the tablespace. 
-#Bring the tablespace back online. 
-#Repeat steps 2 to 4 for each tablespace. 
-#Switch the redo log files to close the backup (as far as Oracle is concerned). 
-#Back up the archived redo log files. 
-#Back up the control file to a disk file, then back up to tape. 
- 
- 
-'''Notes''' 
-  
-The database must be run in ARCHIVELOG mode and must be online when the backup job starts. If the database is offline or if DA-Oracle can’t find the location of the relevant files, the backup job will exit. 
- 
-This provides a complete snapshot of the database or selected tablespaces at the completion of the backup (not the start). Only one tablespace is taken offline and backed up at a time. 
- 
-The tablespaces are backed up using a multi-part image. The control files and the redo logs are backed up using cpio. ORAofflne follows symbolic links—that is, it backs up the target of any link, not just the link itself. 
<br> <br>
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=== Archive Log Backup === === Archive Log Backup ===
-{| border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" 
-|- 
-|Backup method 
-|Oracle archive 
-|- 
-|Backup command 
-|ORAarch 
-|} 
- 
- 
-'''Steps''' 
- 
-#Query the database to find the redo log files and archive destination. 
-#Switch the redo log files to close the backup (as far as Oracle is concerned). 
-#Back up the archived redo logs. 
- 
- 
-'''Notes''' 
- 
-This should be performed frequently (several times per day or hour) from an automatic backup job. 
- 
-We recommend that you append each days backups to a single media set, to make restores faster and to use tapes more efficiently. 
- 
-The backup is written in cpio format, so you can restore files from the command line using cpio if necessary. 
- 
-The database must be online when the backup job starts. 
-If the redo log files can’t be found (for example if they have already been compressed or removed) the backup job will return exit status 2 and terminate. 
<br> <br>
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=== Export Backup === === Export Backup ===
-Oracle supports three ‘full database’ export modes: complete, cumulative, and incremental. DA-Oracle supports two of these modes: complete and cumulative. 
- +----
-{| border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"+;Note: DA-RMAN does not support export at this stage.
-|+'''Table 1 - Oracle export modes and DA-Oracle backup methods'''+----
-|-+
-!Oracle export mode+
-!What tables are exported+
-!DA-Oracle backup method+
-|-+
-|rowspan=3|Complete +
-|All tables in the database +
-|Oracle full export+
-|-+
-|Tables owned by specified users +
-|Oracle selected exp+
-|-+
-|A list of specified tables +
-|Oracle selected exp+
-|-+
-|Cumulative +
-|Only tables that have changed since the last Cumulative or Complete export+
-|Oracle incr export+
-|-+
-|Incremental +
-|Only tables that have changed since the last Incremental or Cumulative or Complete export+
-|''(not supported in DA-Oracle)''+
-|}+
- +
- +
-'''Notes'''+
- +
-The database must be online when the backup job starts.+
- +
-All exports are first written to a temporary file, then this file is backed up using an ‘image’ method.+
<br> <br>
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A backup item describes the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of a backup. It identifies the host name and Oracle SID, and the method that will be used to back it up. A backup item describes the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of a backup. It identifies the host name and Oracle SID, and the method that will be used to back it up.
-How you specify the exact Oracle object to be backed up depends on the backup+How you specify the exact Oracle object to be backed up depends on the backup method.
-method.+
-Each backup method calls a driver script to back up the data. Table 2 shows the backup command and other attributes for each Oracle backup method.+Each backup method calls a driver script to back up the data. Table 2 shows the backup command and other attributes for the Oracle/RMAN backup method.
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|- |-
!Oracle Data Object !Oracle Data Object
-!Method Name +!Backup By
 +!Level
!Format !Format
!Driver Script !Driver Script
-!Index? 
|- |-
-|Full SID (offline backup) +|Full SID
-|Oracle offline +|Database
-|oracle +|Level 0
-|ORAofflne +|rman
-|no+|RMANbackup
|- |-
-|Full SID (online backup) +|Full SID
-|Oracle online +|Tablespace
-|oracle +|Level 0
-|ORAonline +|rman
-|no+|RMANbackup
|- |-
-|Archive logs +|Differential SID (incr cummulative)
-|Oracle archive +|Database
-|cpio +|Level 1
-|ORAarch +|rman
-|yes+|RMANbackup
|- |-
-|Database (complete export) +|Differential SID (incr cummulative)
-|Oracle full export +|Tablespace
-|image +|Level 1
-|ORAexport +|rman
-|no+|RMANbackup
 +|-
 +|Archive logs
 +|Option to include
 +|Level 0/1
 +|rman
 +|RMANbackup
|- |-
-|Database (cumulative export) +|Control file
-|Oracle incr export +|Option to include
-|image +|Level 0/1
-|ORAexport +|rman
-|no+|RMANbackup
|- |-
-|Specified tables or owners (export) +|SP file
-|Oracle selected exp +|Option to include
-|image +|Level 0/1
-|ORAexport +|rman
-|no+|RMANbackup
|} |}
-You can use the Options field to pass extra flags and arguments to the backup command. To see what options are supported by each method, check the man page for that driver script.+You can use the Options field to pass extra flags and arguments to the backup command. To see what options are supported by each method, press the Options button on the backup item form.
-Note that these options are not validated when you define the backup item, but are simply passed to the backup command to be evaluated at run time. 
 +----
 +;Note: These options are not validated when you define the backup item, but are simply passed to the backup command to be evaluated at run time.
 +----
-'''To define a backup item'''+ 
 +'''To define an Oracle database backup item'''
#Select backup3G configuration > Maintain backup jobs. #Select backup3G configuration > Maintain backup jobs.
#Select Items > Maintain to display the list of existing backup items, then select Maintain > Add. #Select Items > Maintain to display the list of existing backup items, then select Maintain > Add.
-#;Item:Defaults to one more than the current highest item number. You can change it to any unused item number, but it is recommended that you accept the default. 
-#;Object:Enter the SID of the instance to be backed up. Make sure that it is correct, as backup3G doesn’t check that it exists at this point. 
#;Host:Select the host on which the database is stored. If you want to back up the same database on multiple hosts, you must define a separate backup item for each. #;Host:Select the host on which the database is stored. If you want to back up the same database on multiple hosts, you must define a separate backup item for each.
-#;Method:Press Choose to list the backup methods. +#;Folder/Object:Enter the SID of the instance to be backed up. Make sure that it is correct, as backup3G doesn’t check that it exists at this point.
-#;Index:Select ‘yes’ if you chose the ‘Oracle archive’ method. An onlineindex makes it easier to select particular archived redo logs to be restored.+#;Format:Select 'rman'.
-#;Options:Enter any optional flags and arguments to be passed to the backup command at run time. For example, enter -u username to specify another Oracle version if more than one copy of Oracle is installed on this host.+#;Method:Press Choose to list the 'rman' backup methods and choose 'oracle RMAN'.
-#;:You can see what other options this backup method supports by checking the man page for the corresponding backup driver script. [[#How to Define a Backup Item|Table 2]] shows what driver script is run by each Oracle backup method.+#;Options:Press Options to display RMAN backup options (see below).
-#;:'''Note -''' Use double quotes around file patterns to ensure that they are parsed correctly.+
#;Comment:Enter a descriptive comment. #;Comment:Enter a descriptive comment.
#;On error:Should the backup job continue if this step fails? #;On error:Should the backup job continue if this step fails?
-#Select ‘continue’ if the job should continue after an error in this step. +#;:Select ‘continue’ if the job should continue after an error in this step.
-#Select ‘abort’ if the job should not continue.+#;:Select ‘abort’ if the job should not continue.
#Press Accept to save this item. #Press Accept to save this item.
 +
 +
 +'''To define RMAN backup item options'''
 +
 +::;Type:Select 'full' for a level 0 backup.<br>Select 'differential' for a level 1 backup.
 +::;By:Select 'tablespace' to backup the SID where each tblespace will be a backup piece.<br>Select 'database' to backup the entire SID as one backup piece.
 +:::'''Note - ''' Each backup piece must fit onto a single tape, other wise a new tape will be loaded and the backup of that piece will be attempted again.
 +::;Control file?:Check 'yes' to backup the control file after backing up the database or tablespaces.
 +::;Spfile?:Check 'yes' to backup the SP file after backing up the database or tablespaces.
 +::;Archive logs?:Check 'yes' to backup the archived log files after backing up the database or tablespaces.
 +::;Include tablespaces:Only backup these tablespaces in this backup step.
 +::;Exclude tablespaces:Do not backup these tablespaces.
 +
 +
 +'''To define an Oracle shutdown or startup item'''
 +
 +#Select backup3G configuration > Maintain backup jobs.
 +#Select Items > Maintain to display the list of existing backup items, then select Maintain > Add.
 +#;Host:Select the host on which the database is stored.
 +#;Folder/Object:Enter the SID of the instance to be shutdown or started.
 +#;Format:Leave blank.
 +#;Method:Press Choose to list the methods and choose 'oracle stop/start'.
 +#;Options:Press Options to display 'oracle stop/start' options.
 +#;:Select ‘shutdown’ to shutdown the database. The database will be shutdown, then started, but only mounted ready for an 'offline' backup.
 +#;:Select ‘startup’ to start the database again ready for end users to access.
 +#;Comment:Enter a descriptive comment.
 +#;On error:Should the backup job continue if this step fails?
 +#;:Select ‘continue’ if the job should continue after an error in this step.
 +#;:Select ‘abort’ if the job should not continue.
 +#Press Accept to save this item.
 +
 +
 +----
 +;Note: To perform an offline backup, you need to create a 'shutdown' item and a 'startup' item. When you order the steps in your backup job the backup item will go between these two items.
 +----

Current revision

Oracle backups are configured in much the same as other backup jobs:


The main differences are:

This section describes the ways you can back up Oracle databases, the Oracle/RMAN-specific backup methods, and how to define backup items. Defining, scheduling, and monitoring backup jobs is described in the backup3G User Guide.


Contents

Types of Oracle/RMAN Backup

Oracle/RMAN Backup uses Oracle and Recovery Manager (RMAN) facilities to start up and shut down databases, and to find the names of tablespaces and archived logs to be backed up. Once the object names have been obtained, they are backed up using the RMAN API facility (library) provided as part of DA for Oracle/RMAN.


What happens if a step fails

If any step in the backup job returns a non-zero exit status, the backup job terminates. In this event DA-RMAN does not try to change the database mode or attempt any other recovery action.

You should diagnose the problem to see whether it occurred in an Oracle operation or a backup command, then if possible fix the problem and resubmit the backup job.

‘Exit status 2’ usually indicates a usage error in the backup command, such as an unrecognized option or an incorrect number of arguments. Other exit statuses are dependent on the backup method—check the manual page for the command that reported the error.

Any previous steps that wrote to the tape and completed successfully may be restored from, but depending on the type of backup may not be worth recovering.

The DBA should examine the reason for failure and the type of object in the successful backup steps to see whether they can be usefully recovered.


Two versions of Oracle installed on a host

For each Oracle Instance to be backed up you will need to first define the instances. Each instance maybe owned by a different user and have different connect strings.


Offline Backup



Online Backup



Archive Log Backup



Export Backup



Note
DA-RMAN does not support export at this stage.


Defining Oracle Backups

You must define a backup item for each type of backup that you want to perform on a database instance. For example, if the monthly cycle of backups for a particular database includes online and offline backups, and backups of archived redo log files, you will need to define four backup items.

Once you have defined all your backup items, you must define a set of backup jobs to back up these items at the scheduled times. See How to Define a Backup Job in the backup3G User Guide.


How to Define a Backup Item

A backup item describes the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of a backup. It identifies the host name and Oracle SID, and the method that will be used to back it up.

How you specify the exact Oracle object to be backed up depends on the backup method.

Each backup method calls a driver script to back up the data. Table 2 shows the backup command and other attributes for the Oracle/RMAN backup method.


Table 2 - Oracle backup methods
Oracle Data Object Backup By Level Format Driver Script
Full SID Database Level 0 rman RMANbackup
Full SID Tablespace Level 0 rman RMANbackup
Differential SID (incr cummulative) Database Level 1 rman RMANbackup
Differential SID (incr cummulative) Tablespace Level 1 rman RMANbackup
Archive logs Option to include Level 0/1 rman RMANbackup
Control file Option to include Level 0/1 rman RMANbackup
SP file Option to include Level 0/1 rman RMANbackup


You can use the Options field to pass extra flags and arguments to the backup command. To see what options are supported by each method, press the Options button on the backup item form.



Note
These options are not validated when you define the backup item, but are simply passed to the backup command to be evaluated at run time.


To define an Oracle database backup item

  1. Select backup3G configuration > Maintain backup jobs.
  2. Select Items > Maintain to display the list of existing backup items, then select Maintain > Add.
    Host
    Select the host on which the database is stored. If you want to back up the same database on multiple hosts, you must define a separate backup item for each.
    Folder/Object
    Enter the SID of the instance to be backed up. Make sure that it is correct, as backup3G doesn’t check that it exists at this point.
    Format
    Select 'rman'.
    Method
    Press Choose to list the 'rman' backup methods and choose 'oracle RMAN'.
    Options
    Press Options to display RMAN backup options (see below).
    Comment
    Enter a descriptive comment.
    On error
    Should the backup job continue if this step fails?
    Select ‘continue’ if the job should continue after an error in this step.
    Select ‘abort’ if the job should not continue.
  3. Press Accept to save this item.


To define RMAN backup item options

Type
Select 'full' for a level 0 backup.
Select 'differential' for a level 1 backup.
By
Select 'tablespace' to backup the SID where each tblespace will be a backup piece.
Select 'database' to backup the entire SID as one backup piece.
Note - Each backup piece must fit onto a single tape, other wise a new tape will be loaded and the backup of that piece will be attempted again.
Control file?
Check 'yes' to backup the control file after backing up the database or tablespaces.
Spfile?
Check 'yes' to backup the SP file after backing up the database or tablespaces.
Archive logs?
Check 'yes' to backup the archived log files after backing up the database or tablespaces.
Include tablespaces
Only backup these tablespaces in this backup step.
Exclude tablespaces
Do not backup these tablespaces.


To define an Oracle shutdown or startup item

  1. Select backup3G configuration > Maintain backup jobs.
  2. Select Items > Maintain to display the list of existing backup items, then select Maintain > Add.
    Host
    Select the host on which the database is stored.
    Folder/Object
    Enter the SID of the instance to be shutdown or started.
    Format
    Leave blank.
    Method
    Press Choose to list the methods and choose 'oracle stop/start'.
    Options
    Press Options to display 'oracle stop/start' options.
    Select ‘shutdown’ to shutdown the database. The database will be shutdown, then started, but only mounted ready for an 'offline' backup.
    Select ‘startup’ to start the database again ready for end users to access.
    Comment
    Enter a descriptive comment.
    On error
    Should the backup job continue if this step fails?
    Select ‘continue’ if the job should continue after an error in this step.
    Select ‘abort’ if the job should not continue.
  3. Press Accept to save this item.



Note
To perform an offline backup, you need to create a 'shutdown' item and a 'startup' item. When you order the steps in your backup job the backup item will go between these two items.



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